Facts about Jose Rizal Essay

Jose P. Rizal, a man of extraordinary ability and knowledge, is the National Hero of the Philippines. That’s a reality (and may be the main certainty) that each Filipino thinks about Jose Rizal. One may ask, â€Å"How about his name?† Well, that may be uncomfortable on the grounds that his complete name is Josã © Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda. Let’s be straightforward that in the event that we will be gotten some information about certain things identified with Rizal without the assistance of any references, we can just say less. In the event that that’s intrigue you, at that point here are a few fascinating realities about Dr. Jose P. Rizal. Most Filipinos don’t think about these incidental data about Jose Rizal †confirm it yourself if you’re a Filipino. At age two, Jose Rizal could as of now compose and read. He composed his first sonnet at 8 years old entitled ‘Sa Aking Mga Kababata’ (To My Fellow Youth). Much the same as different Filipinos who are energetically trying their karma to win the lottery, Rizal likewise joined such kind of betting where he won 33% of the fabulous prize (Php 18,000.00) with ticket number 9736. He gave a bit to his dad, a companion in Hong Kong and he spent the rest purchasing farming terrains in Talisay. He aced 22 dialects: Hebrew, Filipino, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanon, Chinese, Latin, Spanish, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Sanskrit, Dutch, Japanese, Catalan, Italian, Portugese, Swedish and Russian. Rizal was unreasonably little for his age and made him an objective of Pedro’s tormenting, offending Pepe before different understudies at the school of Maestro Justiniano Cruz. Outfitted with his Uncle Miguel’s lessons about the specialty of wrestling, Rizal tested Pedro to a fistfight. Rizal won and got well known as he substantiated himself a commendable rival. Rizal could show an excessive amount of mockery on account of his affection for his nation. Whyâ and how? Back in Dapitan when he got three guests in his home in Talisay, he offered the lady named Donya Manuela with Bagoong. The woman overlooked the bagoong saying that they don't eat bagoong in their nation since it contains worms. With that, Rizal reacted saying that he had been in her nation and individuals there eat little flying creatures without taking out digestive organs. During his outcast in Dapitan, he had the option to set up a school where he had 21 students who were never approached to pay for educational cost however was required by Rizal to work for the network. During the class conversation, when his understudies couldn’t answer his inquiries accurately, he would flippantly squeeze his understudies. Rizal is one of only a handful barely any perceived ‘Renaissance man’ on the planet. A Renaissance man is a knowledgeable individual and one who exceeds expectations in a wide assortment of subjects or fields. He was an anthropologist, ethnologist, financial specialist, humanist, teacher, modeler, engineer, stone worker, painter, writer, author, antiquarian, columnist, rancher, producer, ophthalmologist, military craftsman, and a cartographer, in addition to other things. Three creature species were named after Rizal; Draco Rizali, a types of flying mythical serpent, Rachophorous Rizali, a types of frog and Apogonia Rizali, an insect animal groups. Jose Rizal graduated in Ateneo Municipal de Manila as one of the nine understudies in his group announced as ‘sobresaliente’ or ‘outstanding’. Be that as it may, he didn’t truly top his class when he was in secondary school. They were 10 in class and just 2 of them got low evaluations. So essentially, the rest earned a similar evaluation Rizal did. Taking into account that he lived during the last piece of the nineteenth century where the main methods for significant distance travel is by transport, he can be viewed as an all around voyaged man. He voyaged widely and had been to the United States, Spain, Great Britain, France, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, Singapore, Borneo, Hong Kong, China and Japan. Not so much as a tycoon today could bear the cost of the various and broad goes of Jose Rizal during his time. Rizal’s most renowned citation: ‘Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling wika, daig dad ang hayop at malansang isda’. (He who doesn't adore his own language is more awful than a creature and malodorous fish). Landmarks to pay tribute to Jose Rizal were raised in the Philippines as well as in different pieces of the world like Madrid, Spain; Wilhelmsfeld, Germany; Jinjiang, Fujian, China; Chicago, Cherry Hill Township, San Diego, Seattle, U.S.A.; Mexico City, Mexico; Lima, Peru; Litomerice, Czech Republic; and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Did you realize that Rizal was tended to by his European sweetheart as the ‘little awful boy’? Filipinos are genuinely legit with themselves saying Rizal was not that attractive †and given the reality he was a man of medium tallness and little manufactured. Notwithstanding, Jose Rizal had his way with ladies †it may be his cleverness, information or the manner in which he present himself. On the arrangement of letters that were found to be love messages for Rizal, a Belgian lady named Suzanne composed: ‘There will never be any home where you are so cherished as that in Brussels. In this way, you terrible kid, rush back.’ (Somewhat related with Fact #13) There are gossipy tidbits that Rizal was a playboy having a ton of young ladies referenced in his collection of memoirs and up to this point many accept that he truly had a great deal of lady friends yet truly he just had barely any genuine connections. Different young ladies were all fair indulgences. what's more, some were outright companions. His sonnet Mi Retiro (My Retreat) was composed when he was debilitated and couldn't work. A strict group named the Rizalista †individuals from Cruzado, claims that Jose Rizal is the resurrection of Jesus Christ. They accept that the execution in Bagumbayan was only a stage that he needed to suffer to be within the sight of God. They additionally accept that Rizal is as yet alive and lives somewhere down in theâ forest of Mount Makiling. There are gossipy tidbits that Rizal’s book entitled El FIlibusterismo was propelled by Alexandre Dumas’ epic The Count of Monte Cristo thinking about that it was really one of Rizal’s most loved stories. Very bizarre for a man going to be executed, however his heartbeat end up being typical when the Spanish top health spokesperson mentioned to gauge his heartbeat minutes before Rizal’s execution. Rizal was to be sure prepared and unafraid of his destiny. As a result of his popular notoriety as a Casanova, it was accepted that he was engaged with an excellent lady living some place in the fringe of Germany and Austria making individuals spread explanations that Adolf Hitler of Germany and Mao Zedong of China were children of Jose Rizal. The dam he worked in Dapitan was assembled utilizing consumed shells and blocks that were produced using the machine he manufactured. In his letter to his closest companion, he said that the dam was worked by him and fourteen little youngsters (his understudies). Filipinos accept that the motivation behind why Rizal was extremely keen is on the grounds that he was brought into the world with a major head. Ambeth R. Ocampo, a multi-granted Filipino antiquarian, took a few to get back some composure of Rizal’s unique works which uncovered Rizal’s markings and side notes of male organ of various sizes that were drawn everywhere throughout the book. Rizal was never actually an authorized specialist. He never graduated medication. In fact, he couldn’t truly be called Doctor. Rizal was never actually a dental specialist. He simply did some self-considering and ‘pretended’ to be one. When Rizal returned, Olimpia, his generally excellent, pregnant sister, was his first patient. He helped her conveyance. Olimpia kicked the bucket just as her youngster due to profused dying. Also, Rizal noted in his journal: ‘She would’ve passed on anyway†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Well, that may be a torment reliever joke of him.)

Psychology Dreams Essays - Dream, Mental Processes, Neuroscience

Brain science: Dreams I don't utilize drugs, my fantasies are sufficiently startling. (Escher) For what reason do we dream? It is safe to say that they are guidelines from the otherworldly world or simply profound, concealed wishes that can be utilized to open the privileged insights of the oblivious psyche? No one knows without a doubt. One hypothesis that is common today is that fantasies result from the physiological exercise of the neural connections of the cerebrum. There is no demonstrated certainty on why we dream, which is the reason there are such a large number of speculations on the point. There is Freud's hypothesis that fantasies convey our shrouded wants and Jung's hypothesis that fantasies convey meaning, in spite of the fact that not generally of want, and that the visionary can decipher these fantasies. After these speculations, others proceeded with, for example, the Cayce hypothesis in that fantasies are our bodies methods for working up of the psychological, profound and physical prosperity. At last came the contention between Evans' hypothesis and the Crick and Mitchinson hypothesis. Evans expresses that dreaming is our bodies method of putting away the huge swath of data picked up during the day, though Crick and Mitchinson state that this data is being dumped as opposed to put away. Whichever hypothesis is valid, we may never know, however from these following speculations we can choose for ourselves what we accept to be valid and further assistance us into understanding our fantasies. My very own hypothesis on why we dream is that the psyche mind is continually working. This outcomes in dreams. The psyche mind trying to document the entirety of the data from the earlier day brings about dreams. A fantasy as I would like to think is just a substance response in the cerebrum. In research facility tests, when individuals were awaked during the RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) phase of rest and requested to report what was at the forefront of their thoughts not long before getting up, about 90% revealed an encounter named TRUE DREAM. At the point when a genuine dream is experienced is appears as though it were a real occasion as opposed to one idea or envisioned. Genuine dreams frequently include a progression of such encounters woven together in a to some degree strange story. Indeed, even those individuals who guaranteed to infrequently dream or just recollect pieces of dreams in the mornings had the option to give point by point records of a genuine dream experience when stirred during REM rest. The individuals who were stirred during SLOW-WAVE rest (the more profound, less intellectually dynamic phases of rest) revealed mental action in just about 60% of cases. As a rule, this movement did not have the clear tactile and engine mental trips of genuine dreams. This sort of mental movement is called SLEEP THOUGHT, and as a rule relates to what the individual had been pondering the greater part of the day. Anyway this idea is generally considerably less profitable than that of cognizant contemplations (while the individual is alert). The individuals who accept that we dream because of the mind's customary exercise of gatherings of neurons refer to confirm that neurotransmitters can decline on the off chance that they go excessively long without being dynamic; this neural action during REM rest assists with safeguarding significant neural pathways. At the point when neurons in the engine and perceptual locales of the mind are practiced thusly, the unavoidable symptom are the fan tasies we experience. The expanded mental idea action is because of the rest thought being occupied with attempting to understand these developments and fantasies. Brain research

Startup Hubs Around the World Lisbon

Startup Hubs Around the World Lisbon The recent global economic crisis left Portugal in a state of financial despair. In an effort to begin rebuilding their economy, government officials turned to entrepreneurship as a method of increasing business opportunities. With increased business, the potential for economic growth grows and the stability of the country can be secured. © Shutterstock.com | RrrainbowTo fully understand if entrepreneurs should be heading to Lisbon, we’ll examine 1) the location, 2) the tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, 6) specialization of the area, and 7) startups to watch.LOCATIONThe capital of Portugal, Lisbon is the country’s largest city and its industrial center. With a rich history, Portugal is hoping that Lisbon can continue to be a vital part of its future through innovation and entrepreneurship. Buildings that date back to the early 1000’s in history are open to the public and are still being used by various social groups to meet and greet.Geographical BenefitsSitting on the mouth of the Tagus River, the city is an active port city and has one of the largest ports in Europe. With mild winters and warm summers, the climate allows for year round enjoyment of the many outdoor activities the area offers. Divided into 24 parishes or districts, the city has a diverse population. Each pa rish has its distinct culture, architecture and living standards that separate it from the neighboring districts. This gives Lisbon a uniquely diversified culture and offers the entrepreneur the opportunity to reach customers from a variety of backgrounds.The city’s steep hills and narrow streets provide a backdrop of scenery that is breathtaking. Finding a more idyllic location to establish a startup would be hard to do; the city of Lisbon has started to grow into its future success and the beauty of the countryside supplies the viewer with a daily dose of peace.Advantages of choosing the cityEntrepreneurs who choose Lisbon as their startup hub are selecting a city that is on the verge of breaking into the world’s marketplace. By being some of the first to establish businesses in the city, the entrepreneur is on the forefront of the investment surge that is expected to befall on Lisbon.Lisbon is the wealthiest city in Portugal and produces approximately half of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As the number of startups in Lisbon grows, the number of angel seed investors available should grow as well. Drawing from the large number of wealthy individuals available to invest in a startup, one would think that it would be easy to know how many investors there are in Lisbon. Due to the mysterious and shy nature of the Portuguese people, it is likely there will never be an accurate count.The city has an extensive and reliable transportation system. A combination of trams, trains, trolleys, and ferries are used across the city, and plans are in place to further extend the scope of the process. Moving around the city is easily accomplished, making it convenient for entrepreneurs to navigate the city.A thriving cultural center, Lisbon is home to historic architecture from virtually every era of design for the last five hundred years. There are several sizeable museums throughout the city and the opera house hosts a range of performances every year.Gre en spaces dot the city’s landscape, offering flowering plants and trees that not only beautify the city, but refresh the mind. Allowing for opportunities for relaxation, the cultural aspect of life in Lisbon provides the atmosphere entrepreneurs need to be innovative and the forms of recreation they need to be rested.TAX INCENTIVESWhile the government has been working to promote entrepreneurship within the country, they have not begun to offer tax incentives that are enticing to startups. Currently, most companies started in Portugal are faced with high overhead taxes, making it cost prohibitive for entrepreneurs to start a business. Financially troubled, the government may be attempting to recoup as much investment as possible through their taxes. While this attitude may make sense on the outside, the reality is that the higher taxes prevent companies from starting a new business, resulting in the loss of even more potential revenue.Corporate tax rates are typically approximately 24%, and new tax reductions can reduce the tax burden to 7.5%. While this newly lowered rate is impressive, only a very small portion of companies can take advantage of it. The remaining bulk of corporations is stuck with their higher rates.To help reduce corporate taxes, however, the government has included a new scheme to reduce or eliminate the firm’s responsibility for value added tax. This deduction has allowed companies to free up some cash that can be spent in upgrading equipment, establishing better communication systems or meeting the needs of their company, or whatever other needs the computer may have.Tax reductions introduced in 2013 provided a 20% tax deduction on investments of up to 5 million euros.Financial incentives to establish a startup hub in Lisbon are important, but not essential. The tax deductions and reductions allow for cash strapped company to free up needed cash to keep working. For a city like Lisbon, however, where there are other cities competing f or your affection, the presence (or absence) of tax incentives from a list of benefits for a city can be a deal breaker. If Lisbon truly wants to compete in a global market as a startup hub, tax incentives are going to be important. There must be a clear and concise indication of the benefits for entrepreneurs, the company and investors.Lisbon Startup City LEGAL INCENTIVESEstablishing a startup in Lisbon is easier than ever. A renewed focus on entrepreneurship motivated the government of Portugal to increase the incentives for startups. As part of their innovation initiative, the government streamlined the process of corporate filing. What typically would have taken entrepreneurs several weeks is now handled with the push of a button.Beyond this, however, there is not much support for a company that wishes to emerge as a startup leader in the tech industry. Lisbon has been struggling to regain its footing after the financial crisis of the early 2000’s. Why was no effort made to co rrect the problems that the city was facing the crisis become serious? There isn’t a clear answer. What the country can do now, however, is to deliver quality and consistent content, designed to reach present and future customers.Relatively small in comparison with other startup hubs, many people feel as though the hurdles Lisbon faces are insurmountable. With a heavy economic setback during the financial crises, the chance for entrepreneurs to have access to the resources of a company is scarce. There will always be room for a handful of entrepreneurs who can find success, but on a global level, many people think that Lisbon just won’t be able to make the cut.Finding a lawyer who specializes in entrepreneurship is important to make sure that the paperwork is all completed properly and on time. The government has streamlined a lot of the procedures, but it is in the startup’s best interest to have the paperwork all double checked by someone who can understand the language, as well as the culture to make sure things get started off on the right foot.INVESTORSLisbon hosted their first ever investor summit during the fall of 2014. Eighteen companies pitched their startup to a room full of potential venture capitalists and angel fund managers. The event was hosted by Portugal Ventures, a state backed funding company, in an effort to highlight the potential that Lisbon has. While there were no stunning investment offers made that night, the companies who attended the workshop indicated that they saw a few things that made them want to have additional conversations with the startups.A growing number of investors in Lisbon is a clear indication that the country of Portugal, albeit slowly, is beginning to emerge from the economic crisis that plagued them. Finding investors who are willing to commit to startups in various stages of growth can be difficult in a country that is reticent about their accomplishments. This could explain why there are several state-bun dled funding programs that are backed by the financial resources of the government designed to help students want to stay.Why Lisbon? LOCAL RESOURCESThe city of Lisbon has two universities and a polytechnic university. The students graduating from these institutions are highly trained and equipped to become entrepreneurs or to become designers and programmers for startups. With over 100,000 students attending annually, there is a constant supply of students to fill positions and diligently work in the tech market.Startup Lisboa is a city funded program that is designed to give entrepreneurs the chance they need to succeed. In the almost two years, the program has been around they have helped over 100 startups â€" only 3% of those companies failed. With a unique co-working space and opportunities for companies to learn from each other, they offer some of the best mentoring programs they have done this year.Beta-I and Lisbon Startup Pirates are a few more examples of the government fo rmed incubators that Lisbon hosts. These incubators provide office sharing; they offer support and technology, but most importantly they provide entrepreneurs with the resources they most need at a time when companies are less likely to want to win.Portugal Ventures is another city funded initiative that scouts out technical firms and gives feedback. They invest in startups at all stages of company development: seed, startup, growth. As goals are met at each stage, PV introduces the startup to other potential funding sources and provides resources or education. The active partnership focuses on sales growth and makes connections where possible that can benefit startups down the road.The low cost of living adds to the attractiveness of the housing market in Lisbon. With very limited extraneous spending, entrepreneurs are often thought of as sleeping in the office, or sharing a tight apartment with other entrepreneurs. These situations do happen, but they are rare in Lisbon where the business district is near downtown, and there are plenty of available apartments.The people of Lisbon speak Portuguese. This language, with similarities to Spanish, is a dialect that can be challenging to learn. It is imperative that the entrepreneur find someone to act as a translator, to ensure that the initial corporate setups were handled correctly and that any questions may be answered before it becomes difficult to make changes or corrections.SPECIALIZATIONLisbon has begun to specialize in technology markets, focusing their efforts on attracting entrepreneurs who are interested in developing new and innovative technologies. There is evidence that their efforts are beginning to pay off â€" the development of several incubator and city backed funds allows the entrepreneur to focus on their company and not worry about finding rent money.As a smaller city, developing a specialized innovation hub is not as necessary as it is in a large metropolis. The larger city, Lisbon, for exam ple, have an easier time securing office spaces and living quarters. Despite the crowding of the large population, entrepreneurs have been able to find space for their offices relatively easily.There are, however, several key issues that the city of Lisbon will have to overcome if it is truly to become a global powerhouse. Primarily, there needs to be more agreement between the government of Lisbon and the entrepreneurs who are already on the field. Offering tax incentives that benefit every startup â€" big or small â€" and regardless of the type of industry they are in will go a long way in encouraging others to see the benefits of setting up in Lisbon. Legalized incentives that include an entrepreneur visa, an easy to follow step by step instruction on filing corporate returns and other paperwork could go a long way in giving entrepreneurs hope in their future.STARTUPS TO WATCHLimetree: Managing the digital files of photographs can be tricky. If you’re investigating your family tree, or want to simply have a digital shoebox to store all your photos in, Limetree is the company you need. Options for sharing your files with friends and family are available, and there is printing from your device, so when you see that perfect picture, you can feel free to take it â€" no matter what device you’re using.Wegoout: An online social calendar, wegoout offers users a customized look at the events going on in your neighborhood or town. A tracking option allows you to keep an eye on upcoming events, find out what festivals are happening around town and never miss a social opportunity again!MusicBox: Taking your favorite songs and artists everywhere you go is easy when you sign up for MusicBox. With unlimited playtime and no interruptions, your music can go where ever you go.LiveSketching: Adding a unique twist to the next board meeting will be easy when you use Live Sketching. Live Sketching’s artists create unique cartoon style sketches of events, family stories, e tc. in an easy to understand and fun way.Interestingly, finding startups that are based in Lisbon proved to be rather difficult. A listing of companies published late 2013 was filled with over half of the links either out of service or the company had gone defunct. The companies that stay and launch out of Lisbon are companies that have committed themselves to the process or project.Lisbon has the potential to become a startup hub â€" it has most of the elements that are included in typical larger cities. An interesting balance between work and play the beauty of the surroundings make play easy to enjoy, while the work is hard and requires long hours. At the end of it, however, Lisbon has to continue to grow and learn; it must continue to accommodate the changing needs of the technology marketplace.

The Spread of Urbanization in the World Essay examples

Urbanization is a concept that has been widespread. People from all across the world believe in the movement of making the world urbanized. Urbanization is a method of modernize countries with businesses, convenience, and city way of living. Urban cities have been successful growing in developed countries like the United States and Japan. The same cannot be said for developing countries like Somalia. The purpose of urbanization is drive the economic development, innovations, jobs, and modernize living conditions. Urban cities can have disadvantages also like over population, elimination of some cultural traditions, and pollution. Urbanization requires a strong government and military or police system. Somalia was once a beautiful country†¦show more content†¦In rural people must depend on their land and livestock to provide food and a way of life. A major flood in 2006 destroyed the central and southern parts of Somalia. Property and land was damaged causing many Somalian residents be displaced. Severe disease, famine and starvation spread quickly across Somalia. Without access to food, adequate shelter, and medical attention many Somalian residents died. International help was not easily available because the lack of Safety from civil wars and warlords. The residents were dying daily from starvation, dehydration, and disease. In cities water and food can be accessible to all the people in the city. People in the city no longer have to depend on growing and harvesting crop as a source of food and income. A down side to cities is over population. People usually migrate to the city because of job oppor tunity and easy access to water and supplies. The city became overcrowded because the mass migration of the Somalian people to the city. Since the demand for housing was so vast some Somalian landlords began creating slum condition apartments with substandard structure. Some apartments are built near toxic plant causing potential health hazards to the tenants. Urbanization creates jobs and opportunities for people to generate income. Successful economic development is distinguished by rising returns to human input, resulting in part from substitution of capital for labor (Tolley, 1987).Show MoreRelatedThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Urbanization And Developing Countries821 Words   |  4 PagesUrbanization has been occurring for many years. It is the process in which people move from rural to an urban area, allowing cities and towns to grow. It is the process by which an area changes from rural to urban, when one organized around rural activities/lifestyles changes to one organized around urban activities/lifestyles. Urbanization can be debatable as many believe it is negative and harming countries, but some may say it is beneficial. Urbanization can impact any country in the world inRead MoreEffects Of Urbanization733 Words   |  3 PagesEssay Urbanization is an increasing number of city dwellers compared to people living in rural areas. Urban development in poor nations has resulted in multiple issues such as air pollution and health problems. Urban growth puts an enormous strain on social services. This essay will explain how rapid, uncontrolled urbanization has led to serious consequences in developing countries. Urbanization leads to several health issues. One of these problems is a rise of epidemic. Because of a dramaticallyRead MoreReflection On The American Culture1384 Words   |  6 Pages Manifest Destination uses the concepts of urbanization and tourism to explain the evolution of American culture. Gruen (2014) identifies Chicago as the center of urbanization in the US and this attracts domestic and international tourists to the city. The intention of these tourists was to explore the city and view the numerous buildings and architectural designs the city. For instance in 1893, Chicago unveiled the tallest building in the world. The building had 20 stories and was 302 feetRead MoreEffects Of Deforestation On A Whole World Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesThe advent of modernism has gifted us with a number of benefits and remarkable opportunities to explore the world. However, the proximity to the modernity has resulted in a number of negative effects, and the diminishing amount of the forestry or greenery is one of the most significant problems. This issue has been a major topic of research and discussion for ages. But different researchers have tried to find out the vitality of this problem from varied dimensions. This paper attempts to submit myRead MoreThe Problems Of Urbanization Of China1400 Words   |  6 PagesProblems of Urbanization in China Tianming Zhang University Of Victoria V00808625 ECON 225 October 21, 2014 The Risks of Urbanization in China Since the implantation of the ‘Reform and Opening-up’ policy in 1978, China has entered a period of urbanization (Wang 2014, p.332). The rate of urbanization increased from 19.39% since then to 51.27% in 2011(Wang 2014, p.332). It is no secret that the nation has demonstrated tremendous growth in recent years. Urbanization enables the nationRead MoreEssay The Implications of Rapid Urbanization1685 Words   |  7 PagesUrbanization is the process of human migration from rural areas to towns and cities, thus rapid urbanization means that the rate at which the migration from rural to urban takes place is hurried that a country has no time to plan for their existence at the cities. The situation differs from country to country as the number of cities and rural areas in the countries are different. Another possible reason for the difference is the development nature of the countries; some countries are developed, othersRead MoreEssay on Sci 275 Human Population and Environme nt1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I will explain how the factors produced urbanization and changing the population size to the birth rate and the death rate as well as identify three benefits and three challenges of urbanization that provide the current or the historical event of each example of each of the benefits of the challenges. And explain to my reader whether I believe the benefits outweigh the challenges, or vice versa. There are four factors that produced urbanization and changing in population sizes on a global scale;Read MoreAn Article on Rapid Urbanization1745 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Rapid Urbanization† Comparative Governments Politics This article is on Rapid Urbanization, by Jennifer Weeks, explains how cities around the world are quickly growing especially in the slums. It discusses what brings people to city in the first place and how that goes into the affect of pollution in the cities. The article also asks us questions like, Does urbanization make people better off?, Should governments limit migration to cities?, and Can we make large cities greener?. Read MoreChapter 10 Of The Book Is About Cultural Geography Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesCulturally, since Europeans thought that their culture is much better, they could spread their â€Å"superior† culture to their colonies. However, after the World War 2, European countries started to decolonize. The â€Å"empires† had to decolonize because of increasing cost, increasing local resistance, and the colonies were becoming increasingly ungovernable. In chapter 13 through 15, the book handles a topic of â€Å"urbanization†. Throughout the history, there were three urban revolutions. The very first onRead MoreHow John Snow Tested The Water Supply At Broad Street Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesargument that urbanization is the key to better public health in the modern era: I both agree and disagree with this argument. I agree to this point because urbanization can lead the population to better facilities, more education, and better medical centers. Nothing else is more important and influential than education. Educating the public not only about their current health status, but the world’s public health will help them to prevent themselves from outbreaks wherever they are. Urbanization can bring

Weaknesses Of Social Contract Theory - 928 Words

Social Contract theory is the idea that in the beginning people lived in the state of nature with no government and laws to regulate them. In order to overcome the issues involved in the state of nature, people entered into agreements to protect themselves and their properties. They did this by uniting, rescinding certain rights under the state of nature, and pledging themselves to an authority that will guarantee certain protections. They all agree to live together under those laws and create a mechanism that enforces the contract and the laws that come with it. Some political theorists, such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, have differing views as to what the state of nature is and what should constitute as a social contract. One†¦show more content†¦More precisely, children are just as likely to contract with their mothers as they are with their fathers for protection. Additionally, given the lack of a modern family structure, it is unlikely that a child would know the ex act identification of their father. Carole Pateman points out that under these conditions of nature, it would seem unlikely that women would agree to have children. According to Hobbes, they have the same primary drive for survival and perpetual existence that men do. The question then lies: why would women put themselves at greater risk by caring for children? Carole Pateman prompts us that the worrying part of Hobbes’s idea of family may not be its contractual form but its absolutism. While in his political contract we give absolute rule to the sovereign, such as a monarch, in the family contract we also turn power over to an absolute ruler. This absolute ruler is the â€Å"master† of the family. While Hobbes leaves open the possibility that the mother could be the master of the household, however, mothers and women are removed from the discussion of the family once the idea of the master is introduced. Pateman also dismisses Hobbes’s acknowledgement of female sovereigns as simply a logical possibility. She goes even further: â€Å"the sovereign cannot be the mother, given the conjectural history of the origin of the familyShow MoreRelatedHobbes And Rousseau On The Social Contract Theory1625 Words   |  7 PagesRousseau on the Social Contract Theory The social contract theory focuses on the origin of states and laws, and the impact of regulated communities or states on individuals. All conceptions of the social contract theory can be harmonized to the individual desire for safety or security and the demand for fulfillment through a collective agreement which transforms the human dimension into an organized society from the primordial state. Rousseau was the first philosopher to coin the social contract terminologyRead MoreUrsury Laws Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesConsequentialism and the social contract theory can provide similar viewpoints on this issue. Each one provides strengths and weaknesses in regards to these laws. Usury laws are regulations governing the amount of interest that can be charged on a loan. They specifically target the practice of charging excessively high rates on loans by setting caps on the maximum amount of interest that can be levied. These laws are designed to protect consumers. Consequentialism is the normative ethical theory that says thatRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Tabcorp Ltd1369 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity that entrusted by Jane, manager of our company, to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Corporate Governance practices of Tabcorp through identifying the company governing the businesses appropriately or not, based on their 2015/2016 annual report and other related documentation. Tabcorp Ltd is an Australian listed organisation, and this letter assessed three key strengths and two weaknesses aimed at the Corporate Governance practices of Tabcorp Ltd: high compliance on ASX principlesRead More Force, Morality and Rights in Thomas Hobbes and John Lockes Social Contract Theories1632 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Hobbes and John Lockes Social Contract Theories Throughout history, the effects of the unequal distribution of power and justice within societies have become apparent through the failure of governments, resulting in the creation of theories regarding ways to balance the amount of power given and the way in which justice is enforced. Due to this need for change, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke created two separate theories in which the concept of a social contract is used to determine the waysRead MoreDiscussion and Notes DVM Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿DVM1100 sections A B Canada and Challenges of International Development and Globalization Fall 2014, Professor Mahmoud Masaeli The first DGD International Development: ideas, conceptions, definitions, and theories General Issues covered in our classes: 1. Canada as an example of globalization and development a. Have we resolved all problems? Argue No because we still have poverty, inequality, racism, unemployment etc. b. If we have been able to develop ourselves, whether the othersRead MoreThe Monarchy And A Dictatorship Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesrecognize the people as the supreme authority. Theories of Democracy: Theories Brief Explanation Examples Traditional Theory of Democracy This theory is based on the government and politics depending on the consent of the people being governed. It recognizes everyone’s worth and dignity. An example would be when people directly vote for representatives from their state to be in the House of Representatives. Pluralist Theory of Democracy This theory is based on the idea that politics are from competitionsRead MoreImpact Of Mini Banking And Subprime Lending Practices717 Words   |  3 Pageslaws that go back to biblical times, and colonial times, where strong usury laws were in place. In 1979, a new law was discretely changed allowing financial companies to remove limits on rates. (Maher Warren, 2010) By examining the strengths and weaknesses of usury laws, from a consequentialism and contractarianism perspective, we can see how there needs to be a balance in how companies engage in lending practices. The problem with the current state of micro-banks and credit card companies is theRead MoreThe Effects Of Psychological Contract On The Human Resource Management Discipline1047 Words   |  5 Pages The psychological contract describes the relationship between employer and employee in terms of the unwritten, informal and implicit expectations that exist in the workplace (D’Annunzio-Green Francis, 2005). There are vast amounts of literature surrounding the psychological contract and its many impacts on the Human Resource Management discipline (Cullinane Dundon, 2006). It is suggested that the formation of the psychological contract begins in the recruitment process (Rousseau, 1990), andRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Leviathan Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the first political theorists, Aristotle once wrote in his novel Politics, â€Å"Man is by nature a social animal; an individual who is unsocial naturally and not accidentally is either beneath our notice or more than human. Society is something that precedes the individual. Anyone who either cannot lead the common life or is so self-sufficient as not to need to, and therefore does not partake of soc iety, is either a beast or a god. † (Aristotle 4) Dating back to Ancient Greece, the state of natureRead MoreCan Contract Theory Explain Social Preferences?1425 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Summary: Can Contract Theory Explain Social Preferences? One of the revolutionary changes in the economic thinking is taking into account the effect of social preferences on economic activities. During the last two decades, experimental economics showed that, social preferences play an important role on the economic activities. For example, Knack and Keefer (1997) proved that, trust and civic duty have important contribution to economic growth. Also, Slemrood (2003) find out that, real

Compare/Contrast Paper Free Essays

Darius White Michael Duffy TSEM: Blood, Lust, and the American Dream 13 October 2012 The articles I have selected all involve metaphorical drugs and addictions in vampire media. The in class article I have chosen is titled Not to Be Toyed With’: Drug Addiction, Bullying and Self-empowerment in Buffy the vampire Slayer by Rob Cover and it involves the fictional character, Willow, and her addiction to magic. The article shares several similarities with the peer reviewed article Battling Addictions in Dracula by Kristina Aikens, and â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? Alternative readings of â€Å"drugs† and â€Å"addiction† in Buffy the Vampire Slayer by Jo Latham. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare/Contrast Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now All three articles explain the drug references in vampire media albeit with different points and interpretations. They briefly explain what an addiction is and how it applies to that particular subject. But two articles in particular, Not to Be Toyed With and â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? † both mention the negative aspects of peer pressure and bullying and what effect it can have on someone’s psyche specifically on the character Willow. Both articles explain how Willow’s magical curiosity began to manifest into something darker through time. The more she used magic, the more she relied on it and the more she became reluctant to control herself. She also began to show signs of an addiction, including withdrawal. The articles differ from Not to Be Toyed With in the sense that they explain drug use using different examples. â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? † takes a more in depth look in how Willow’s addiction causes her to become more compulsive, and how her friendships begin to crumble the more she hurts others with her magic. The article states that â€Å"The show succeeds in depicting drug use and its consequences as a complex web of dynamic intra-action between personal agency and structural forms of social restraints. Magic is pharmAkon: poison and cure, and the distinction arises from how it is used: for good or evil, productively or destructively. † It states that the show attempts to show that drugs aren’t entirely bad, but can be used constructively. It evens takes it a step further by comparing her to other drug abusers and the medical aspect of addictions. It mentions that there may be properties of magic that has universal effects that may result in addiction, not the magic itself. In Battling Addictions in Dracula, It doesn’t use magic as a metaphor for drugs, but it compares drug abusers to a vampire addicted to human blood, more specifically the war on drugs. It briefly mentions the various drugs and makes several references to vampire culture. It also states that the drug use in Dracula refers to real life instances where doctors would try to control drug consumption during that era. The article elaborates further by stating, â€Å"Doctors carefully regulate the use of drugs in the novel, implying that disaster will surely ensue if the drugs are used improperly, which is demonstrated when Lucy dies as an indirect result of the maids being drugged. † Works Cited Aikens, Kristina. â€Å"Battling Addictions in Dracula. † Manchester University/Gothic Studies, 17 Mar. 2010. PDF. 13 October 2012. http://ehis. ebscohost. com. proxy-tu. researchport. umd. edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? id=0737b5e2-8766-4318-a13a-9ef14709da71%40sessionmgr111vid=3hid=120 Latham, Jo. â€Å"[I]s it dangerous? Alternative readings of â€Å" drugs† and â€Å"addiction† in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. † Watcher Junior. June 2010. Web. 13 October 2012. http://www. watcherjunior. tv/05/latham. php Cover, Rob. â€Å"Not to be Toyed With’: Drug addiction, Bullying and Self-empowerment in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. â€Å"Continuum: Journal of Media Cultural Stu dies 2005 19(1): 85-101. How to cite Compare/Contrast Paper, Essay examples

Diversity Policy In A Work Place Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diversity Policy In A Work Place. Answer: Advantages Diversity in an organization creates a diverse experience. Fellow employees with different cultural backgrounds come up with a new set of experiences to share with other members in their departments. An employer should take an advantage of such knowledge by putting them collectively to boost production (Hndlaechner 2008, p. 152). If these new ideas they bring up with them are used accordingly, it will have a positive impact on all employees within the organization and hence bringing the best out of them. Diversity in an organization promotes learning and growth. Both the employer and employees will learn a lot from each other when working in an organization which practice diversity policy (Jager, B, and Cleland, A. 2016, p. 153). This will help them grow professionally in their respective field of work and once employees have grown it means the organization has also grown. This is a big asset to the organization. Spending time with culturally diverse co-workers also reduce ethnicity and make employees be well-rounded citizens in the society. Diversity also increases adaptability in an organization. To address problems of workplace diversity, an organization has to develop a variety of solutions, forcing them to adapt to a diverse workforce (Konrad 2006, p. 67). It might be a long and tire full process, but in the long run, an employer will realize that it is necessary. Employees who have worked in organizations which practice diversity policy can share ideas which help in dealing with the changing customer needs and fluctuating markets. It will increase the volume of sales as a result of wide customer rich. An organization has to develop a new process which brings together employees with diverse policy experience as this will without a doubt create good interaction among employees which is very healthy for the organization (Karmann, Flatten, Brettel 2016, p. 223) Another great advantage of diversity policy is that it increases productivity. Globalization and internalization are two of the gifts that workforce diversity brings to the table, this is why foreign executives are very successful in the corporate world in America, while citizens from Europe find their place in high-level jobs (Peters 2008, p. 22). When they combine their skills, experience believe and individual strength they can do wonders in the field of production. There is even that completion among employees that the other employees who are from another race or cultural background cannot defeat him or her in performing a particular task which in the long run leads to high level of production. As a result of high level of production the company makes big profits and return on investment. Diversity also increases a range of services offered by a company. A diverse collection of people with different experiences, skills, cultural understanding, languages and other differences enables a company to provide customers services on a global basis (BendlHenttonen 2015, p. 71). It is because language barrier and cultural differences are avoided. These employees from the same race with clients will interact freely with them as they understand them much better. The customers will also be impressed finding out that the organization is not specific to the kind of people they employ hence making them like the place more. Once the management has an in-depth knowledge about a particular race, they will be in a good position of providing services that specifically suits them. A systematic study has shown that that diversity policy in a workplace is a source of organizations ideas. No two people will ever think alike in everything. An employer who knows how to exploit different technicalities from employees creates a large pool of ideas and experiences from them (Karmann, Flatten, Brettel 2016, p. 234). From these ideas, the company can then come up with strategies which deal with business concerns and customer needs (Hendrix Jackson 2016, p. 246). Disadvantages Even though diversity has many positive effects on an organization, it will not be right to omit its demerits as they will also help an organization to decide whether to practice it or not. It will make those organization practicing it also to be on the alert about the challenges it might also bring abroad with it. One of the challenges of diversity in a workplace is the language barrier. Effective communication within an organization is one of the steps leading to success. Unfortunately, diversity policy can block it, and it can directly reduce productivity due to lack of cohesiveness (Peters 2008, p. 55). You will realize that most companies who provide services to international customers have to employ those who can speak multiple languages to help them serve their customers well. Lack of lingua franca reduces confidentiality, therefore, making employees not to execute their duties appropriately. Diversity also minimizes freedom of speech. In a diverse workplace, employers and employees must be sensitive to race, cultural background, beliefs, and other issues (Danowitz, Hanappi, Mensi-Klarbach 2012, p. 102). So you do not just crack jokes about others who are not from your race because it may not be as acceptable. Employees cannot share their ideas with each other or with their employers openly because they will not understand each other effectively (Golembiewski, 2003, p. 188). They cannot seat together during lunch break or any other free time to even socialize, it will not be a workplace which many people would like to be associated with. Another disadvantage of diversity policy in a workplace is that it leads to high cost of training. Instead of the normal training, organizations are forced to invest more income in seminars, programs, and lectures in order to train them adopting with diversity policy (Bendl, R. and Henttonen, E. 2015, p. 132). Such training is essential as they teach employees how to accept thoughts, ideas, and personalities of others in the workplace. It also provides information on how to deal with prejudice and conflict in a civilized and professional manner (Bell 2012, p. 192). Since companies will always hire, it means it will continue to spend on training. Findings With these advantages of diversity in an organization, it can be concluded that it is a good policy which an organization should practice, it is a pool of ideas, it increases productivity, it makes the employees grow individually, and it increases a range of services and more so creates adaptability. This is something which all companies yarn for, and if they can be achieved through diversity, then it is something worth practicing. From the analysis, it is evident that diversity can lead to integration. Even in an environment where diversity policy is not practiced, exclusive social groups always come up but it is common in organizations practicing diversity policy. With such groups in an organization, informal division among employees always occurs thereby promoting social integration (Hndlaechner 2008, p. 164). It will also lead to a working environment characterized by culturally different employees who avoid each other. It hinders sharing of ideas, skills, and experience thereby leading to low production and lack of growth. Recommendations and Conclusion By looking at both disadvantages and advantages of diversity in a workplace, It is highly recommended that organizations should practice it as it will lead to high profits and return on investment. The disadvantages can be worked on by training employees on how to relate to each other and avoid unnecessary competition which may lead to low quality and reduction in productivity. Training might be expensive, but it will be a long-term benefit to the company. When an organization adopts diversity policy it can perform better in terms of productivity. It is important for the companies to have knowledge on diversity, how to handle challenges relating to it in order to experience its benefits. The need for the diverse workforce is getting more not only because there are different people but also because they can produce better results with having different types of people working together (Jager, B, and Cleland, A. 2016, p. 153). It is therefore recommended that diversity policy is one of the best a company should adopt in order to achieve its objectives. References Bendl, R., Bleijenbergh, I., Henttonen, E. 2015. The Oxford handbook of diversity in organizations. Oxford, Oxford Brookes University. BELL, M. P. 2012. Diversity in organizations. Mason, Ohio, South-Western College. Danowitz, M. A., Hanappi-Egger, E., Mensi-Klarbach, H. 2012. Diversity in organizations: concepts and practices. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Golembiewski, R. T. 2003. Managing diversity in organizations. Tuscaloosa, Al, University of Alabama Press. Hendrix, K, Jackson, R 2016, 'The Contours of Progress: Parsing Diversity and Difference Studies', Communication Education, 65, 2, pp. 245-249 Hndlaechner, M. (2008). Managing cultural diversity and how to manage it within an organisation. Munich, GRIN Verlag GmbH. Jager, B, Cleland, A 2016, 'Polysemy Advantage with Abstract But Not Concrete Words', Journal Of Psycholinguistic Research, 45, 1, pp. 143-156, Communication Mass Media Complete. KONRAD, A. M. (2006). Cases in gender and diversity in organizations. Thousand Oaks, California, Sage. Karmann, T, Mauer, R, Flatten, T, Brettel, M 2016, 'Entrepreneurial Orientation and Corruption', Journal Of Business Ethics, 133, 2, pp. 223-234 Peters, B. A. (2008). Managing diversity in intergovernmental organisations. Wiesbaden, VS, Verlagfu?rSozialwissenschaften.

Company Analysis Northwest Airlines Essays - American Brands

Company Analysis Northwest Airlines Company Analysis: Northwest Airlines Introduction to Business BN-1020 Dr. Randall By, James Academia Introduction Northwest Airlines is one of the pioneers in the airline transportation industry and is ranked at the fourth largest air carrier in the United States today. The success of the carrier depends on the quality and reliability of the service at a reasonable price. Close competitors force Northwest to innovate their services by increasing efficiency. This essay will try to examine different perspectives in the services needed to successfully complete the companys objectives. The analysis will explain historical and financial perspectives that may give a better understanding of the current market trend of the organization. Services Northwest Airlines is engaged principally in the commercial transportation of passengers and cargo. (5) NWA is a complete full service air transportation carrier that is the forth-largest air carrier in the world that services over 750 destinations located in 120 different countries on 6 continents. They operate 2,600 flights daily around the world and operate more than 200 nonstop between the United States and Asia each week. Headquarters is based in Minneapolis/St. Paul. The main connecting hubs are located at Detroit, Minneapolis, Memphis, and Tokyo. Northwest employs 50,600 employees nationwide as of Dec. 31, 1998. (6) NWA also has 1269 Stockholders as of Feb. 26, 1999. (6) Northwest continues to improve cargo shipping by proudly dedicating 12 Boeing 747 aircraft and easily becoming one of the largest cargo airlines in the world. (4) Cargo is very profitable for Northwest because Northwest has predicted cargo revenue will top the 900 million mark in 2000. (3) The enormous fleet o f aircraft contains 400 airplanes. (1) Northwest has subsidiaries wholly owned (Unless otherwise indicated by NWA) by Northwest Aircraft, Northwest Aerospace Training corps, MLT Inc, Express Airlines, and Express Airlines I. (6) History Northwest Airlines began service on October 1, 1926, flying mail between Minneapolis / St. Paul and Chicago. (2) They started passenger transportation in July 7, 1927. (2) Throughout the years Northwest has grown steadily by acquiring new system routes in the northwestern region of the USA. The year 1930 was a landmark in history because Northwest moved their home base operation to their present headquarters in St. Paul. The air service grew overnight with the acquisition of Southern Airways in 1936. Northwests famous red tail was introduced for the first time on February 1948. The reason why Northwest selected a red tail is because the majority of flights flew over the northern hemisphere. If a flight were to have an accident in snowy surroundings the red tail would easily identify the aircraft. Expansion efforts continue throughout the system but the largest and most significant expansion happened on January 6, 1986. Northwest agrees to purchase Republic Airways and Northwest employees increased from 17,000 employees to approximately 33,000 over night. Northwest continues to expand service in both European and southeastern Asian countries. In 1993, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines purchases 51% of Northwests common stock making KLM an owner and a code-sharing partner. Northwest finds that code sharing is beneficial towards the coverage of and expansion of their service so northwest acquire alliances with China Air, Continental Airlines, and Alaska Airlines to name a few. Northwest is still looking to expand their service coverage by obtaining new routes. Opinion Northwest Airlines has proved that their dedication to superior air service will be their main objective. The mission of the company clearly explains how Northwests corporate culture focuses on their main objectives. The people of Northwest Airlines will provide reliable, convenient, and consistent air transportation that meets or exceeds customer expectations and earns a sustainable profit (1) Northwest enforces values and guiding principles into the workers so that the customers and employees can get a full understanding of where the company stands concerning these issues. (1) Northwests Values 1. Safety First 2. Honesty and Integrity 3. Trustworthiness 4. Respect for self, others, and for property 5. Caring 6. Resourcefulness Guiding Principles 1. Never Compromise Safety 2. Always Emphasize Cleanliness 3. Always put customers first 4. Always support and inspire each other 5. Always strive to Improve These principles and values form the ideal employee. These positive ideals also create an ideal work environment and maintain high morals and attitudes in the workforce. My experience with Northwest has been very positive. I was able to travel to twelve different countries so far in my career

The Golden Age of Microbiology essays

The Golden Age of Microbiology essays What would the human race be like if we did not have some of todays modern medicines? It would probably be just like it was 200 years ago. Doctors claiming to know cures forsome of the worlds most infectious diseases, and then treating them in the some of themost inhuman ways. People would be dieing from infections left and right. And even worse, we would not know how to cure most of their diseases. The world populationwould probably be half the size that it is today. But, thanks to the Golden Age ofMicrobiology, and the people who tried to find cures and such, we now have ways to over come most of the worlds diseases. The Golden Age was only 20 years long, from 1880 to about 1900. It was the time when about three scientists helped to better sciences technologies and cures. The first of these three was Pasteur. Some of his contributions to science were the creation of silk and a cure for rabies. But one of the most important of all of his findings was the idea of pasteurization. Around the time of 1870, there was a problem with the making of beer and wine. The companies could not figure out a way to keep their products from becoming sour. Pasteur then came up with the idea of adding many different elements to the products and then refrigerating them for a long period of time. Thus came the idea of The second out of the three was Robert Koch. Koch was mostly into the study of microbiology and bacteriology. Most of his researching was done under the microscope, but he realized that he could not totally determine what a certain bacteria classified as. He discovered that if you were to add a stain to slide that you would be able to make out the bacteria about 10x better. Koch also noticed that sometimes you cant always find bacteria in just one sample of something that is contaminated. So, he came up with the ...

Unit 4 Science DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 Science DB - Essay Example This list serves as guide for EPA determining which sites warrant further investigation. It was painfully surprising to know that even Florida is also having as many as 49 such sites. Though, with EPA’s efforts, 21 sites have already been cleaned up.One such site in our nearby was BMI-Textron with EPA ID as FLD052172954. It is situated at 1211, Silver Beach Road in the Tri-City Industrial Park, Lake Park, Florida. It was proposed in NCL list on 06/24/88 and it was deleted from it on 11/18/04 after cleanup. BMI-Textron (BMIT) was in business of making of chrome backed glass plates, used for manufacture of electronic components. Materials and chemicals that were used for this product included cerium oxide, ceric ammonium nitrate, chromium, acetone, potassium ferrocyanide and possibly fluoride (EVA website). Various processes of manufacturing operation like chromium stripping operations, glass cleaning, coating, polishing, rinse waters and reverse osmosis water purification etc., generated liquid wastes. These wastes were disposed of on site. Initially BMIT used percolation ponds under a Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) permit for disposing of cyanide wastes and later installed additional drain field to dispose of wastewater from a Reverse Osmosis plant. As per terms of FDER permit four wells were constructed on site to monitor permit compliance. A monthly report of sample was also to be taken. One monthly report of sampling data showed higher than permitted standards for nitrate, total dissolved solids and pH. Accordingly in 1983, FDEP issued a violation notice BMIT. Later investigations determined concentrations of arsenic, cyanide, fluoride, and sodium contamination in the soil and groundwater. It was affecting approximately 106,000 people in Lake Park, Riviera B each, North Palm Beach, Palm Beach Shores, and Palm Beach Gardens. These contaminations can

Slavery in Early American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery in Early American History - Essay Example Slavery was practiced in the North America at its climax for up to two centuries before legal issues and human rights fighters started the foundation of dissolving this vice. The vice started fading in the late 18th century, but continued to thrive in the Southern States of North America. Most slaves were found in areas that were active in cash crop agriculture and other areas that required hard manual labor such as industrial areas (Kolchin, 9). Needless to say, many evils happened during the extended period that slavery existed. This essay will discuss the supposed differences that led to the degradation of the blacks as slaves in English America. Terrors that were experienced in slave ships during their transportation and some of the evolutions in the slave ships will also be discussed. These will base their reference on two books: The White Man’s Burden by Winthrop D. Jordan and The Slave Ship, by Marcus Rediker. The black people underwent a lot of maltreatment as slaves d uring slavery, and in slave ships in the early American history. The major difference that formed the basis of every other difference the whites had in degrading the Africans was the skin color. This is according to the book, The White Man’s Burden, by Winthrop D. Jordan. The skin color of the Africans made the Whites believe that they were a radically unusual race. This drove to the belief that this peculiar race was then inferior and thus had no right to some of the rights that the Whites had access. Africans were, therefore, considered lesser than the White Men, and were subjected to play servitude to the perceived superior mankind, the White People. â€Å"By 1700, when Africans began flooding into English America, they were treated as somehow deserving a life and status radically different from English and other European settlers† (Winthrop, 26). According to Jordan, an initial

Strategic Change Approaches To Change Management Commerce Essay

Strategic Change Approaches To Change Management Commerce Essay It is imperative that organisations maintain a greater reach, are present in various different places and constantly abreast of regional and cultural differences and ensure to integrate these into their strategies for the different market and communities they occupy. Due to the ever growing importance of change within organisations, it has become imperative that managerial staff posses the skill to successfully manage these changes when they occur (Senior, 2002; By, 2005). Merrel (2012) described change as a continuous reality for organisations that intend to survive and prosper in these volatile and unpredictable times. He went further to define change as simply doing things in a way different from what you are used to or doing completely different things. It is in the best interest that all stakeholders within an organisation work together to ensure that changes are managed effectively. Effective change management is generally described as execution of change programmes or initiatives that achieve the goals for which they were intended on time and within budget and also succeed in delivering sustainable benefits to the organisation (ibid). However, major changes within organisations require ample inputs in terms of time, energy and resources. Over time it has been found that majority of change programmes have failed to meet the desired goals of the organisation. Published sources estimate that the success levels of change in organisations may fall as low as 10% (Oakland and Tanner, 2007). Most changes that occur within organisations tend to be intermittent in nature. They usually start off at a particular point and are then followed by a number of steps that result in a final outcome. Every growing organisation experiences a continuous process of evolution. At certain intervals of this growth cycle, organisations have to evaluate, determine or reinstate their standards and processes. This evolution could at sometimes be a slight change or at other times a major overhaul. Where there is a change made in one aspect of the organisation, this usually triggers a chain of events that requires further changes t o be made to other areas within the organisation in order to achieve a new balance (Pandey, 2012). Following the constant evolution and the consequent changes that occur within organisations, effort has to be put in to reinstate and create a new balance to continue working towards the goals and objectives of the business. This new balance is created primarily by the workforce and is not an easy feat. Therefore, it is essential that an effective and reliable change management strategy is employed (Gans, 2011). As defined by Gans (2011) Change Management is a process whereby organisations support members of their workforce that have been affected by one way or another as a result of an organizational change. She went further to stress the importance of accounting for any member of staff affected by the change in the development of a change management strategy. Despite the importance of change management in the business world today and as highlighted previously, Balogun and Hope Hailey (2004) have reported that of all change programmes that have been initiated, there has been a 70% rate of failure. Burnes (2004) suggested that this poor success rate of change management programmes shows a basic absence of an adequate framework of how to carry out and manage changes in organisations. He went further to state that what is currently available to academics and practitioners is a wide range of contradictory and confusing theories and approaches. 2.0 EXISTING APPROACHES TO CHANGE MANAGEMENT There are a number of existing approaches to organizational change and there is continued debate as to which qualifies as the best. This difference in opinion amongst academics and practitioners is the reason that many managers within organisations may have reservations on the importance and validity of existing literature on change management. It is also a reason for confusion as to which approach to employ when considering change (Bamford and Forrester, 2003).These reservations are further fuelled by the existing critical management literature that highlights numerous incidents of change programmes that have gone wrong. Based on the literature, amongst a few others, there are two main approaches to change; emergent and planned (ibid). In this article, we would be looking into the two main approaches to change, highlighting their weakness and strengths, by critically analysing the already existing literature on the topic. 2.1 PLANNED CHANGE This approach to organisational change is described as a process that moves from one set state to another through a succession of pre arranged steps. This approach to change can be analysed using various frameworks, such as the Lewins (1951) action research model and Lewins (1958) three step model which describes the three stages of change as freezing- holding on to the familiar, unfreezing brainstorming, addressing issues and exploring other approaches and refreezing identifying, applying and consolidating values, culture and newly acquired skills to those pre existing and currently desired. This approach to change acknowledges that prior to new characteristics successfully adopted the previous set need to be eliminated, only then can the new set be fully established (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). 2.1a STRENGTHS OF PLANNED CHANGE Burnes (1996 as cited in Eldrod II and Tippet, 2002) identifies planned approach to organisational change as an attempt in explaining the process that initiates change. The planned approach is also thought to highlight the importance to organisations of fully comprehending the different stages that are involved in the process of going from and unsatisfactory state to an unknown desired new state (Eldrod II and Tippett, 2002). Planned change is also credited for considering changes that may not be in direct line with the organisations general transformational vision but are seen to be worth making. It is in tune with the organisational breakdown structure and by virtue of its nature being perceived to be a logical program by stakeholders, providing organisations with a variety of choices of initiatives. Because it is made up of a clear and solid directive, it tends to be easier to circulate to all areas of the organisation. Although this solid directive may in some cases work as a disadvantage as it may make it easier to attack and/or avoid (Weick, 2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000). 2.1b WEAKNESSES OF PLANNED CHANGE Planned change has received a lot of criticism from as early on as the 1980s despite its popularity, (Kanter et al., 1992; Burnes, 1996; By, 2005). It has been faulted for focusing on only small scale incremental change and ignores cases where there may be a need for quick and transformational changes (Burnes, 1996, 2004). Another shortcoming of this approach is the fact that it bases its design on the assumption that organisations operate under conditions that are static and they can move in a pre planned pattern from one stable state to another (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). This approach is also known to ignore situations where a more dictated approach is needed e.g. in a situation where there is a need for rapid change and no room for widespread consultation or involvement (Burnes, 1996, 2004; Kanter et al., 1992; By, 2005). Critics have also argued that this approach is based on the assumption that all the stakeholders involved in the change have a combined interest in carrying it out and that a uniform consensus can be reached with ease (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). This presumption does not take into consideration issues of politics and conflicts that are common place within organisations, but goes further to assume that these can be identified with ease (Burnes, 1996, 2004). Weick (2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000), also highlighted a number of disadvantages of applying the planned change approach. He states that with implementation of the planned change approach, there is a high chance of reversal of the effected change, following the changes; integration of the various parts of the organisation may not take place in a uniform manner, unpredictable results due to limited foresight, a high chance of individuals failing to act out their parts in the change process despite verbally agreeing to do so, adoption of practices that may have been suited elsewhere but may not necessarily yield positive results within the organisation due to a difference in context, failure of top management to have a full understanding of capabilities at the front line and contingencies and finally a delay in execution which would result in the change initiatives being obsolete even before they are implemented. 2.2 EMERGENT CHANGE This approach to change is relatively new and does not have the formal history of planned change. It is believed that this approach covers a wider area of understanding of the issues faced by organisations related to managing change within intricate environments. In this approach, change is perceived to be less reliant on detailed forecasts and plans and is more focused on arriving at an actual understanding of the intricacies of the underlying problems and deriving possible solutions (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). There is also the suggestion that the occurrence of change here is unpredictable that senior managers are unable to effectively select, propose and carry out suitable actions in response (Kanter et al., 1992). The emergent approach to organizational change adopts a bottom up process of initiating and implementation as opposed to a top down. Considering the complex and rapid nature of change, it is deemed impossible for senior management to identify and implement every action necessary to successfully carry out changes. This implies that the role played by senior management must undergo some changes in itself from controller to more of a facilitator of change, as the responsibility for change is seen to be more devolved (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). 2.2a STRENGTHS OF EMERGENT CHANGE It has been established that the business environment is one of uncertainty and the proponents of emergent change have argued that this uncertainty of both the internal and external environments makes the planned approach to change less appropriate. Assuming that organizations operated is an environment that is stable and predictable; there would be little or no need for change. This makes the emergent approach to change much more pertinent than the planned approach (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). Burnes (1996) is of the opinion that emergent change encourages management to pay close attention and gain understanding of strategy, culture, systems, structure and style, looking into how they can work as blockages or facilitators of an effective change process. He goes further to argue that a successful change process is more concerned with gaining an understanding of the complex issues within the organisation and developing a range of options for tackling these issues. It can then be deduced that the emergent change is focused more on the preparation for change and actual implementation as opposed to providing planned steps and objectives for each change programme or initiative (By, 2005). Weick (2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000), insists that change must be more emergent than planned. He is of the opinion that organisations are in a constant state of evolution and there are always change initiatives ongoing on various levels within the organisation. Main stakeholders are always in search of ideas to increase the performance of the organisation and this means that there is a constant flux. It is important that this flux is identified and maximised. Efforts should be made in identifying these little changes occurring in different areas of the organization and they should then be spread to other areas of the organisation. There are no rules that govern the way change is initiated; it simply involves creating a connection between the actions carried out by the individual areas within the business to create a working synergy (Pettigrew and Whipp, 1993). 2.2b WEAKNESSES OF EMERGENT CHANGE Weick (2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000), in his critical analysis also highlighted a number of weaknesses of the emergent approach to change. He noted that emergent changes are too slow to come together, tend to be too negligible to have a noticeable effect on results, are more suited for taking advantages of opportunities than responding to threats, crippled by already existing culture and technology, deficient when competitors are focused on transformation; more generic rather than focused; lack foresight; operates on the assumption that change is driven by intent, which in reality is not always that case and this implies that situations where change is evolutionary or is driven by life cycle would be over looked (Van de Ven and Pool 1995; Weick, 2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000) . One of the main challenges of the emergent change is the fact that is quite new compared to the planned approach and this has led to reservations concerning its consistency and the variety of techniques available (Bamford and Forrester, 2003; Wilson, 1992). Another criticism of the emergent approach is that it is generally made up of models and approaches that lack correlation and only tend to do so in their unified lack of faith for the planned approach to change than to and agreed alternative (Bamford and Forrester, 2003; Dawson, 1994). According to Burnes (1996), to validate the general theory and implementation of the emergent approach to change implies that one has to be of the opinion that all organisation function within a volatile and unpredictable environment to which they constantly have to adapt. This would then bring rise to the assumption that the emergent model is suitable for all organizations, all situations and at all times (ibid). In reality this is clearly not the case. Dunphy and Stace (1993) disagreed on that view arguing that agents of change require a model that is adaptable to different situations and clearly shows how one can adjust their change strategies to achieve the best fit for a particular situation taking into consideration the changing environment (Dunphy and Stace, 1993). 3.0 CONCLUSION Following a review of the existing literature on planned and emeregent approaches to change, it can be concluded that both approaches have fair shares of limitations and advantage. Generally, there seems to be more of a preference for the emergent change approach and this could be because this approach was more recently introduced in comparison to the planned approach and it its design, consideration was taken to address some of the shortcomings that were experience with the planned approach. However, in order to achieve a successful organisational change, it is important that an approach be developed that not only takes into consideration the constantly evolving environment, but also identifies that there are a number of approaches to change. This approach should be flexible to suit the different needs of various organisations as opposed to one that is tailored to be applicable to all organisations. Dunphy and Stace, (1993) clearly state that no two organisations are identical and most probably have varying situations and this would mean that their structure and strategies would also be different and this emphasis the need for a flexible approach to change.

Ancient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia Essay

The Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies are two of the oldest civilizations in the history of the world. The Egyptian and Mesopotamian political, social, and cultural parts of their lives developed differently, but there is a similar basis between the two. Although they had similar political systems in that they both were ruled by kings, the way they viewed their kings and the way that they both constructed their power differed. Both civilizations constructed their social classes similarly in that they had kings at the top, followed by other officials and merchants, and at the bottom the slaves and peasants. They both had their own form of writing; Mesopotamia had cuneiform, and Egypt had hieroglyphics and cursive script, respectively. While they are similar in many different political, social, and cultural activities and ideas, they have enough contrast to be viewed as different societies. Politically, because they were geographically open to envision, Mesopotamia culture created compact self-governing political units- the city-states. By the third millennium B.C.E. the concept of king (lugal) developed, quite possibly because of increased quarrels over resources. The power of religious leaders decreased as the power of kings increased. And although the kings took over control of temples, Mesopotamian kings did not claim divine power. Political changes occurred in Mesopotania because of the succession of people that followed the initial Sumerian people, like the Akkadians, the Kassites Medes and Persians who established their temporary political dominance. By 1750 B. C. E., the written law code of King Hammurabi, was used to maintain political authority and continuity.In sharp contrast is the continuity of political history in ancient Egypt. Legendary King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt into one nation that lasted with continuity of culture from 3,100-1070 B. C. E. with thirty dynasties. Unlike Mesopotamian kings, the Egyptian king was represented as Horus and as the son of Re, and fit into the pattern of the dead returning to life and the climatic renewing life of the sun-god. As Egypt’s chief priest, he intervened with the gods on behalf of his people and land. No written law code was developed in Egypt. The pharaoh governed the country through a large efficient bureaucracy. In highly urbanized Mesopotamia, specialization of function, centralization of power, and use of written records enabled certain groups to amass unprecedented wealth. Women could own property, maintain control of their dowry, and even engage in trade but men monopolized political life. Some women worked outside the home in textile factories, breweries or as prostitutes, tavern keepers, bakers, or fortune tellers. Inside the home women grew wove baskets, had vegetable gardens, cooked, cleaned, and fetched water. For the most part, their writings reflect *elite male activities. Temple leaders and the kings controlled large agricultural estates, and the palace administration collected taxes from subjects. The lowest class of people tended the fields and used their strength in the off-season to build large public works like ziggarets. Women were subordination to men and had no property rights. In Mesopotamia by the second millennium B. C. E. merchants had gained in status and in power th rough gilds. In the Old Babylonian period, the class of people who were not dependent on the temple or palace grew, the amount of land and other property in private hands increased, and free laborers became more common. The Mesopotamian civilization had 3 social classes: 1. free landowning class- royalty, high-ranking officials, warriors, priests, merchants, and some artisans and shopkeepers; 2. the class of dependent farmers and artisans, whose legal attachment to royal or temple, or private estates made them the primary rural work force; and 3. the class of slaves, primarily used in domestic service. Egyptian class structure was less defined and more pyramid in shape. Compared to Mesopotamia, a far larger percentage of the Egyptian population lived in farming villages and Egypt’s wealth derived from a higher degree from cultivating the land. When not need for agriculture the peasants labored to build the tombs of the pharaoh. Slavery existed on a limited scale and was of limited economic significance. In contrast to Mesopotamia, Egyptian merchants had a low social status. For women subordination to men is evident but they are represented with dignity and affection in tomb paintings. Legal documents show that Egyptian women could own property, inherit from their parents, and will their property to whomever they wished. Marriage, usually monogamous, arose from a couple’s decision to establish a household together rather than for legal or religious ceremony. Both parties could dissolve the relationship, and women retained rights over her dowry in case of divorce. In ge neral, the limited evidence suggests that women in ancient Egypt enjoyed greater respect and more legal rights and social freedom than women in Mesopotamia and other ancient societies. Despite some initial inspiration, Egyptian culture separated itself from Mesopotamia in a number of ways beyond politics and monument building. The Egyptians did not take to the Sumerian cuneiform alphabet and developed a hieroglyphic alphabet instead. Hieroglyphics, though more pictorial than Sumerian cuneiform, were based on simplified pictures of objects abstracted to represent concepts or sounds. As in Mesopotamia the writing system was complex, and its use was, for the most part, monopolized by the powerful priestly caste. Heiroglyphics were written on papyrus paper while cuneiform was written on clay tablets with a blunt reed called a stylus. Like Egyptian hieroglyphs, cuneiform was written in both rows and columns although cuneiform was only written from left to right. The Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies were very similar in many aspects of their lives. They both developed two of the earliest forms of writing in hieroglyphics and cuneiform, with both forms differing greatly from each other. They also contained strikingly similar social classes and structures, as with many other civilizations. They were both ruled by â€Å"kings†, but many parts of their political system were drastically different due to the way that they were constructed and administered. Egyptian civilization and a fundamental Mesopotamian culture lasted far longer than the civilizations that came later, in part because of relative isolation within each respective region and because of the deliberate effort to maintain what had been achieved, rather than experiment widely.

Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability Paper Essay

The principle of the Hippocratic Oath is one of the oldest binding documents in history. The oath states: I will use those dietary regimens which will benefit my patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and I will do no harm or injustice to them. I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessary to cause an abortion. In purity and according to divine law will I carry out my life and my art. I will not use the knife, even upon those suffering from stones, but I will leave this to those who are trained in this craft. Into whatever homes I go, I will enter them for the benefit of the sick, avoiding any voluntary act of impropriety or corruption, including the seduction of women or men, whether they are free men or slaves. Whatever I see or hear in the lives of my patients, whether in connection with my professional practice or not, which ought not to be spoken of outside, I will keep secret, as considering all such things to be private. So long as I maintain this Oath faithfully and without corruption, may it be granted to me to partake of life fully and the practice of my art, gaining the respect of all men for all time. However, should I transgress this Oath and violate it, may the opposite be my fate. (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2014) Medical Board of California The Medical Board of California is the agency responsible for regulating physicians, surgeons and other allied health professions. The members of the board are appointed by the Governor of the state and have a four year term legislature. It is the responsibility of the members of the board to meet as one deliberating body. In addition, the board members are required to learn about policies and statutes of both licensing and enforcement functions. California Licensure Physician Statute There is no single physician licensure statute in the state of California. Instead, physician licensure rules have been interspersed within the California code. Physicians wishing to practice medicine in California are required to obtain a full medical license issued by the state. Furthermore, there are no administrative regulations or state statue for granting a  special or limited license to practice in the state remotely via telemedicine. The California licensure does not allow for license reciprocity between any states but allows physicians for consultative services without having to receive a full medical licensure. Moreover, licensed physicians in the military in any of the states, either a military physician officer or a civilian contract employee, are allowed to care for fellow military members without having to receive additional licensure. In the event of an emergency situation, a physician is allowed to administer care regardless if the physician is licensed in that part icular state. A physical examination is required by the California Medical Board Licensure to allow administration or prescription of medication over the internet. Investigative Role The investigative team consists of physicians that are a critical component to the board as they base its disciplinary actions on the opinions of physicians and not board staff. Physicians play a distinct role in the investigations. The board receives and reviews incoming complaints in the Central Complaint Unit (CCU). The physicians determine if there is a need for formal investigation by board investigative staff or if the complaint is largely resolved by a preliminary review of the medical records and the accompanying physician narrative statement. Medical experts are asked to review case materials and must clearly articulate whether the physician’s care under review fell below the standard. They must give their opinion if there is a potential violation of the Medical Practice Act. Business and Professions Code Section 2050-2079 According to the Federation of State Medical Boards, the 10th Amendment police power grants states the right to regulate the practice of medicine. Section 2052 of the Business and Professions Code states that any person who practices or attempts to practice, or who advertises or holds himself or herself out as practicing, any system or mode of treating the sick or afflicted in this state, or who diagnoses, treats, operates for, or prescribes for any ailment, blemish, deformity, disease, disfigurement, disorder, injury, or other physical or mental condition of any person, without having at the time of so doing a valid, unrevoked, or unsuspended  certificate as provided in this chapter or without being authorized to perform the act pursuant to a certificate obtained in accordance with some other provision of law is guilty of a public offense, punishable by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, b y imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both the fine and either imprisonment (California Business and Professions Code, 2014). Civil Complaint Process The two major categories of incoming complaints to the Medical Care Board of California by the consumers are quality of care and personal conduct. All complaints require physician review and all complaints which are not closed by CCU staff are referred to one of the board’s district offices for formal investigation. According to the Medical Board, each district office is staffed with a supervising investigator, five investigators, a deputy attorney general, an investigator assistant, clerical support staff and one or more medical consultants (The Medical Board of California, 2014). Risk Management & Quality Assurance It is important that physicians are credentialed and are given privileges in any health care organization prior to practicing medicine. Physicians must receive training and education in risk management and review of federal and state regulations mandates. A successful risk management strategy is to improve the quality of patient care and reduce the probability of an adverse outcome or a medical malpractice claim. Its objective is to reduce the risk to patients and liability to the physician. Furthermore, the foundation for risk management is the standard of care. Tracking the quality of care of physicians must include Ongoing Professional Practice Evaluations (OPPE) and a peer review committee within an organization. Criminal Prosecution for Malpractice Physicians are in a unique position in regard to the law by the nature of their work. A physician may face a charge of criminal negligence, manslaughter, or second-degree murder if a patient in his care suffers severe or lethal injuries. â€Å"Negligence law offers plaintiffs the legal framework upon which to build their civil suit. A plaintiff in a medical  malpractice action must satisfy four elements-duty, breach, causation and damage- in order to prevail. In a negligence case, the wrongdoer’s actions are compared to what would be expected of a reasonable and prudent person in the same or similar circumstance† (Monico, Kulkarni, & Calise, 2013). The practice of medicine is full of uncertainties. In some cases, bad outcome is the result of physician negligence. The patient and/or his family may institute a civil suit for malpractice if they believe that the bad outcome was a result of the physician’s actions. It is very rare that a prosecutor decides the fact s of a case warrant a charge of criminal malpractice. The prosecutors must see a repetitive negligent behavior that constitutes to a pattern that can be documented before criminal charges can be filed. Conclusion The medical profession has many dedicated people who give themselves and sacrifices for the sake of saving lives. Physicians practice their profession according to the Hippocratic Oath. Furthermore, the have learned the rules and regulations mandated by the Federal and State government in health care delivery. Quality of health care is an important objective of CMS. Physicians are required to adhere to the standards of quality care and the delivery of it. When physicians get in trouble with the law, they have to face various criminal and civil charges based on the severity of their case. In the current trend, doctors commit white-collar crimes when they take kickbacks, order questionable procedures, overbill patients and insurance companies, and bill for services they did not provide. The Medical Board of California ensures safety and protection of health care consumers through proper licensing and regulation of physicians by means of various objective enforcement of the Medical Practice Act. References California Business and Professions Code. (2014). Business and Professions Code Section 2050-2079. Retrieved from http://www.liginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=bpc&group Medical Board of California. (2013). Guide to the Laws Governing the Practice of Medicine by Physicians and Surgeons. Retrieved from http://www.mbc.ca.gov/about_laws/laws/_guide.pdf Monico, E., Kulkarni, R., & Calise, A. (2013). The Criminal Prosecution of Medical Negligence. Retrieved from http://www.ispub.com/IJLHE/5/1/5237 The Medical Board of California. (2014). Laws and Regulations. Retrieved from http://www.mbc.ca.gov/about_us/laws/ U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014). The Hippocratic Oath. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html

Descartes Second Meditation - 732 Words

Descartes Second Meditation In Descartes’ Second Meditation the key philosophical idea of â€Å"I think, therefore I am† is introduced and thus begins a new age in western philosophy. Some of the arguments Descartes provide in order to support his claims are that in order to doubt anything, you must be able to think and if you think, you exist. Descartes brings up the point that there may be no physical world, along with that thought comes the doubt of anything else being real, which again concludes that he is thinking which means he is real. Descartes’ argument in the second meditation is that in order to think at all, whether it is doubt of an existence or belief something to be true it requires thought. Descartes makes the†¦show more content†¦Descartes is dealt with the problem of skepticism and how to overcome it. In order to overcome skepticism, he decides he must enforce it strictly upon his experiment and therefore attempt to explain around skepticism. Descartes put a heavy belief on the ability to deceive and how empirical thought is not to be trusted as sense can beShow MoreRelatedA Summary of Descartes Second Meditation1016 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes starts by doubting everything (â€Å"I will suppose then, that everything I see is spurious†) and thinks that anything which admits the slightest doubt must be false. He attempts to find something which he is unable to doubt and if he cannot he must conclude He contends that he is not able to doubt his existence. Even if there is a deceiving god who is constantly deceiving him about the world, he still must exist, as he must exist in order to be deceived. (â€Å"I am, I exist†). He then triesRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s The Second Meditation 980 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Second Meditation, Rene Descartes begins to reevaluate everything he once thought to be true, due to our unreliable senses. He supports this statement by arguing that our senses often deceive us, that there is a separation between the mind and body and that reasoning should be the method of discovery. We typically use our senses to describe what an object is made up of. For example, if we are investigating a table, with our senses, we can tell by our vision that the table is there. WeRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words   |  6 PagesEssay 1 Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes was the firstRead MoreRenà © Descartes and Thomas Hobbes Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagessixteen hundreds, the French philosopher Renà © Descartes laid the foundations for the beginnings of Cartesian Dualism. In contrast, the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued against dualism in favor of materialism. Recently, Cartesian Dualism, and dualism in general has fallen out of favor as materialism arose as a more plausible and explanatory theory regarding the interrelationships between body and mind. The translation Descartes’ writing in the Meditations is far more cryptic than Hobbes’ writingRead MoreEssay about Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence1382 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence In Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes is seeking to find a system of stable, lasting and certain knowledge, which he can ultimately regard as the Truth. In his methodical quest to carry out his task, Descartes eventually arrives at the proverbial fork in the road: how to bridge the knowledge of self with that of the rest of the world. Descartes’ answer to this is to prove the existence of God. The purpose of this essayRead MoreDescartes : Synopsis Of Meditations 1987 Words   |  4 Pages Descartes: Synopsis of meditations 1, 2, 3 (p530-546) In what follows, I will summarize and come up with some explications to the first three meditations covered by Descartes. The first deals with the method of doubt, the second deals with the human mind and body, and finally the third with the existence of God. I will summarize these parts separately, in that order. In the first meditation, the meditator, who’s Descartes, introduces us with â€Å"the method of doubt†. WhatRead More Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pages Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence In Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes is seeking to find a system of stable, lasting and certain knowledge, which he can ultimately regard as the Truth. In his methodical quest to carry out his task, Descartes eventually arrives at the proverbial fork in the road: how to bridge the knowledge of self with that of the rest of the world. Descartesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ answer to this is to prove the existence of God. The purpose of this essayRead MoreThe Nature Of The Human Mind878 Words   |  4 PagesRene Descartes second meditation is titled, Concerning the Nature of the Human Mind: That it is Better Known than the Body. In his second meditation, Descartes argues that the human mind exists merely by itself without any physical representation in the world. This argument lead to many of his later meditations and allowed him to really build the framework for Western Philosophy. The cogent argument is arguably the most crucial argument, which lead us to our philosophy of the mind. In some respectRead MoreDescartes s Meditations, Descartes Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesEssay 3: Prompt 1 Though unstated throughout his meditations, Descartes primary goal in the Meditations is to lay a strong foundation for the mathematical science that is emerging during his lifetime. There are two Aristotelian doctrines that Descartes wants to reject, the first which is final causation. The second is qualitative science, because Descartes tends to favor quantitative science over final causation. In Descartes’s first meditation his method of doubt is seen clearly since he knowsRead MoreAnalysis Of Descartes s The Six Meditations 1272 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the six Meditations, Descartes comes to the conclusion that memories and dreams are deceptive and are not to be trusted. He discusses the existence of material objects, God, and himself. God exists and allows deception and Descartes’ ability to recognize that everything is false proves that he exists as well. He explains the difference between imagination and intellect, as well as the idea that the senses are deceptive and that knowledge comes from the mind and reason. Descartes’ belief in God